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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(4): 993-1011, oct,-dic. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421585

ABSTRACT

Abstract Biology, like most scientific disciplines, emerged in the nineteenth century. However, disciplinary institutionalisation processes are not linear; a concept can be proposed, but not develop. Biology originated in the presence of established traditions such as anatomy, physiology, botany, and zoology, which represent the thematic and practical diversity under which it was understood. Based on the records of the annual meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the process by which biology emerged will be described. We will also recount how the discipline underwent changes throughout the century, where contrasting methodologies and theories were emphasized at different times.


Resumo A biologia, assim como a maioria das disciplinas, surgiu no século XIX. No entanto, os processos de institucionalização das disciplinas não são lineares; um conceito pode ser proposto, mas não ser desenvolvido. A biologia originou-se em meio a tradições estabelecidas, como a anatomia, fisiologia, botânica e zoologia, que representam a diversidade temática e prática sob a qual era compreendida. O processo do qual a biologia emergiu será descrito com base nos registros dos encontros anuais da British Association for the Advancement of Science. Relatamos também como a disciplina passou por modificações ao longo do século, em que metodologias e teorias contrastantes ganharam evidência em diferentes momentos.


Subject(s)
Biology/history , Institutionalization , History, 19th Century
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 21(4): 1215-1234, Oct-Dec/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-732522

ABSTRACT

Por meio da análise de obras acadêmicas produzidas por filósofos naturais no século XVIII, pretendemos discutir algumas ideias recorrentes acerca da Grande Cadeia do Ser. Para tal, analisamos as relações entre filosofia e teologia natural no período. Reavaliamos ainda alguns elementos da Cadeia do Ser, investigando autores que discorreram sobre o tema em seus escritos. Por fim, elencamos um ponto específico das discussões setecentistas sobre a scala naturae, qual seja, as diversas e nem sempre convergentes ideias de que, a partir de características específicas, haveria diferenças entre os homens, bem como seu consequente lugar na Cadeia do Ser.


This examination of academic works produced by eighteenth-century natural philosophers discusses some recurring ideas about the Chain of Being. To this end, the article analyzes the relations between natural philosophy and theology during the period. It also re-evaluates some elements of the Chain of Being through an exploration of authors who addressed the topic in their writings. Lastly, it identifies a specific element within eighteenth-century discussions of scala naturae, to wit, the various and not always convergent ideas about whether there are differences between humans based on specific characteristics and, consequently, about the places they occupy in the chain of being.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hyperlipidemias/blood , Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Amidines/pharmacology , Antidotes/metabolism , Body Mass Index , Coronary Disease/blood , Hypertension/blood , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lipoxygenase/pharmacology , Liver Diseases/blood , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Spectrophotometry , Smoking/adverse effects , Triglycerides/blood , Ubiquinone/blood , Ubiquinone/drug effects
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